Loading...

Loading...

Prostaglandin Analogues

Prostaglandin Analogues for Lashes: Are They Safe?

Geschrieben von: Dr. Leslie Baumann

|

|

Lesezeit 10 min

Eyelash serums to grow eyelashes have become popular in recent years as a way to promote natural lash growth and volume. Many of these products, including Latisse, the only prescription lash treatment, contain a type of active ingredient called prostaglandin analogues. These ingredients were first used as a treatment for eye issues like glaucoma, which is how it was discovered that they also promote lash growth. Recently, there has been some discussion surrounding their potential side effects. Here, I explain the science behind how prostaglandins work, their safety, and which brands do and do not contain them.

Prostaglandin analogues promote natural eyelash growth and strength.

They can cause eye irritation and, in rare cases, change the color of your eyes.

There are some non-prostaglandin lash conditioners that use vitamins, peptides, and botanical ingredients instead.

These eyelash growers can cause a hollow eye look

How do Prostaglandin analogues improve lashes

How Do Prostaglandin Analogues Improve Lashes?

Prostaglandin analogues work by extending the growth phase (anagen phase) of the hair cycle. This results in longer, thicker, and darker lashes. Here’s a closer look at how they work:

  • Increasing blood flow to the area. This brings more nutrients but can cause redness.
  • Prolonging the anagen phase. The growth phase of eyelashes is naturally short. Prostaglandin analogues extend this growing phase, allowing lashes to grow longer than they typically would.
  • Increasing follicle size. These compounds can also increase the size of hair follicles, leading to thicker lashes.
  • Enhanced pigmentation. Prostaglandins can stimulate melanin production, making lashes appear darker. But this can also cause pigmentation around the eyes or change eye color.
safety of lash growing serums

Safety of Lash Growing Serums

Prostaglandin analogues have garnered some negative attention recently, as they can come with some side effects. The most known side effect of changing the color of your irises is rare unless the drops are used inside your eyes. It is more common to see darkening of the eyelid, redness around the eyes and loss of orbital fat resulting in sunken, hollow sunken eyes. Most people experience little to no side effects or only mild skin or eye irritation when using properly formulated lash serums.

The most notable side effects of prostaglandins include:

  • Eye irritation. Redness, itching, and discomfort commonly occur. You can reduce application to less frequently to lower this risk.

  • Eyelid skin darkening. Some people may notice increased pigmentation of the eyelid skin.

  • Eye color change: Rarely, prostaglandin analogues can cause permanent changes in iris color, particularly in individuals with light eyes.

  • Fat atrophy: In some cases, these compounds can lead to fat loss around the eye area, potentially causing a sunken appearance.

  • Eyelash abnormalities: Irregular lash growth, such as misdirected lashes, can also occur.

  • Styes: Some people who use lash serums report an increase in the development of styes.

Sunken Hollow Eyes Due to Orbital Fat Loss

Prostaglandin analogs, commonly used in lash serums for promoting eyelash growth, can lead to orbital fat loss, resulting in "hollow eyes" or "sunken eyes." This condition, known as prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP), occurs because these compounds can inhibit fat production and increase fat breakdown around the eyes. This loss of fat causes the eyes to appear more recessed and hollow, resulting in a sunken "tired eyes" appearance.

Which Lash Serums Contain Prostaglandin Analogues?

The majority of lash serums currently on the market contain prostaglandin analogues due to their proven effectiveness. Some of the most well-known include:

  • Latisse is the only prescription lash treatment FDA-approved for eyelash growth. It contains bimatoprost.

  • RevitaLash Advanced uses a blend of prostaglandin analogues to enhance lash length and thickness.

  • GrandeLASH-MD contains isopropyl cloprostenate, known for promoting lash growth.

If you aren't concerned about prostaglandin analogues, here are some popular lash serum choices:

Which Lash Serums Do Not Contain Prostaglandins?

Some lash conditioners do not use prostaglandins to encourage lash growth. Instead, ingredients like biotin, keratin, vitamins, and botanicals can help to nourish eyelashes to make them appear healthier and fuller. A few leading brands that make a non-prostaglandin lash serum include:

What Are Prostaglandin Analogues?

Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from fatty acids that perform hormone-like functions in the body. They play roles in various physiological processes, including inflammation, blood flow, and the induction of labor preceding childbirth. Prostaglandin analogues are synthetic versions of these compounds, designed to mimic their effects.


These compounds were initially developed and used in ophthalmology, particularly for the treatment of glaucoma. Patients using these medications for eye conditions began to notice a surprising side effect: longer, thicker, and darker eyelashes. This unexpected benefit spurred the development of cosmetic products containing prostaglandin analogues specifically for lash enhancement.

Examples of Prostaglandin analogues

Examples of Prostaglandin Analogues

Prostaglandin analogues are used as prescription medications to treat glaucoma. Only Bimatoprost (Latisse) has proven efficacy and safety to grow lashes and is FDA approved for this purpose.  However, other glaucoma medications also grow lashes but their safety and efficacy has not been formally studied.  There are also botanical ingredients in cosmetic lash growers that also work like prostaglandin to grow lashes.

Prescription Prostaglandin Analogues

Several prostaglandin analogues are commonly found in lash serums:

  • Bimatoprost. Initially used to treat glaucoma, this analogue is now a key ingredient in Latisse, a popular lash growth serum. This is FDA approved and available only by prescription.
  • Isopropyl cloprostenate. Found in many over-the-counter lash serums, this ingredient is known for its lash-lengthening properties.
  • Latanoprost (Xalatan). Another prescription glaucoma drug that increases eyelash growth. It is not FDA approved for lash growth.
  • Tafluprost (Zioptan) is another glaucoma medication repurposed for cosmetic use in lash enhancers. It is available by prescription and is not FDA approved for lash growth.
  • Travoprost (Travatan and Travatan Z ) are prescription glaucoma medications that are not FDA approved to grow lashes.

Cosmetic Prostaglandin Analogues

There are many lash serums to grow lashes that you can get without a prescription.  This does not mean they are safer.  In fact, they are less studied than Latisse.

synthetic prostaglandin analogues in cosmetics

Synthetic Prostaglandin Analogues in Cosmetics

These peptides and botanicals are found in cosmetic lash growing serums. Because they are cosmetics and not drugs, trials looking at their safety and efficacy are sparse or nonexistent. However, there are many bestselling lash growing serums that use these ingredients.

  • Dechloro Dihydroxy Difluoro Ethylcloprostenolamide
  • Isopropyl Cloprostenate
  • Methylamido Dihydro Noralfaprostal
  • Norbimatoprost (very similar to bimatoprost)
  • Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) Analogues
  • Prostaglandin F2α Analogues

Botanical Prostaglandin Analogues in Cosmetics

  • Caryodendron Orinocense Seed Oil: Derived from the cacay tree, it may have properties similar to prostaglandins.
  • Saw Palmetto Extract (Serenoa Repens): Known for its role in hair growth, some believe it might have prostaglandin-like effects.
  • Eclipta Prostrata Extract: Traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine, this extract might have effects on hair growth that are similar to those of prostaglandins.
Ingredients besides prostaglandin analogues to grow lashes

Ingredients That Grow Lashes That Are Not Prostaglandin Analogues

These peptides grow lashes but are not prostaglandin analogues so they do not have the same  side effects as the prostaglandin analogues do.

  • Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17
  • Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3

Research Trials on Protaglandin Analogues

Many research trials have looked at the drug bimatoprost for eyelash growth. I was involved in one that showed that Latisse helped grow eyelashes in chemotherapy patients. (3)

These are the benefits of what bimatoprost does to lashes in clinical research trials:

  • Increase in anagen follicles
  • Fewer telogen follicles
  • Lengthening of individual eyelashes
  • Darker eyelash pigmentation
  • Thicker eyelashes
  • Vellus hair changes into medullated hair (thicker and darker)

Bottom Line

Prostaglandin analogues in lash serums can offer dramatic improvements in lash length, thickness, and darkness and are generally well tolerated by most people. However, side effects such as eye irritation, skin darkening, and, in rare cases, changes in eye color or fat loss around the eyes can occur. For personalized skin care advice based on your unique skin type, first take the skin type quiz, then consult with a dermatologist who can help you determine the best approach for achieving beautiful, healthy lashes.

[[ctaquiz]]

Level up your skin care knowledge with medical advice from dermatologists

Do all lash serums contain prostaglandins?

No, not all lash serums contain prostaglandins. Some products use other active ingredients such as peptides, biotin, and herbal extracts to promote lash growth.

Do prostaglandin lash serums require a prescription?

No, only Latisse, which contains bimatoprost, requires a prescription. Most other lash serums with prostaglandin analogues are available over the counter.

Do lash serums age the eyes?

Some concerns have been raised about prostaglandin analogues causing fat atrophy around the eyes, which can give a sunken appearance. However, this side effect is relatively rare. Always consult with a dermatologist if you notice any changes in the appearance of your eyes or surrounding area when using a lash serum.

Why do prostaglandin analogs in lash serums cause hollow eyes?

Prostaglandin analogs can cause orbital fat loss by inhibiting fat production and increasing fat breakdown in the periorbital area. This leads to a sunken appearance around the eyes, often referred to as "hollow eyes" or "sunken eye". Talk to your doctor about how to reverse this.

Are the effects of orbital fat loss from lash serums permanent?

The effects of orbital fat loss may be reversible if the use of the prostaglandin analog is discontinued early enough. However, prolonged use might lead to more permanent changes in the fat distribution around the eyes. If you notice that your eyes start to look sunken, stop immediately. Consult your doctor for options if it does not improve on its own.

Can I prevent sunken eyes while using a lash serum with prostaglandin analogs?

While it’s challenging to completely prevent orbital fat loss, monitoring the area around your eyes for changes and discontinuing the product if hollowing occurs can help minimize the risk. Also- make sure you only apply the serum along your lash line and avoid letting tears spread it lower on your eyelid area.

What is prostaglandin orbitopathy?

This is the medical  name given to changes in the eye area seen with lash growing serums and glaucoma medications made with prostaglandins or prostaglandin analogues.

Can prostaglandin analogues decrease the exophthalmos or bulging eyes seen in thyroid disease like Graves disease?

Studies are looking at using prostaglandin analogues to treat the increased orbital fat in  hyperthyroidism, but it is too early to say if this is safe and effective. to treat exophthalmos.

Best References and Scientific Publications on Prostaglandin Analogues:

  1. Lipp, M. B., Athalye, L., & Nami, N. (2019). Bimatoprost-induced iris hyperpigmentation: beauty in the darkened eye of the beholder. Cutis104(2), E7-E9.
  2. Zeppieri, M., Gagliano, C., Spadea, L., Salati, C., Chukwuyem, E. C., Enaholo, E. S., ... & Musa, M. (2024). From Eye Care to Hair Growth: Bimatoprost. Pharmaceuticals17(5), 561.
  3. Wirta D, Baumann L, Bruce S, Ahluwalia G, WengE, Daniels S. Safety and efficacy of bimatoprostfor eyelash growth in postchemotherapy subjects.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015; 8(4):11-20.
  4. Glaser, D. A., Fagien, S., & McFarlane, D. (2013). Patient-reported outcomes of bimatoprost for eyelash growth: Results from a randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 33 (6), 789-798.
  5. Johnstone, M. A. (2018). Hypertrichosis and increased pigmentation of eyelashes and adjacent hair in patients treated with prostaglandin analogues. Journal of Glaucoma, 27 (7), 596-600.
  6. Wester ST, Lee WW, Shi W. Eyelash growth from application of bimatoprost in gel suspension tothe base of the eyelashes. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(5):1024-1031.
  7. Jamison, A., Okafor, L., Ullrich, K., Schiedler, V., & Malhotra, R. (2022). Do prostaglandin analogue lash lengtheners cause eyelid fat and volume loss?. Aesthetic Surgery Journal42(11), 1241-1249.
  8. Steinsapir, K. D., & Steinsapir, S. M. (2021). Revisiting the safety of prostaglandin analog eyelash growth products. Dermatologic Surgery47(5), 658-665.
  9. Abalo-Lojo, J. M., Ferreiro, P. V., Asorey, M. K., Colmenero, A. E., & Gonzalez, F. (2023). Improvement of Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy after Discontinuing Treatment. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology53(1), 8.
  10. Filippopoulos, T., Paula, J. S., Torun, N., Hatton, M. P., Pasquale, L. R., & Grosskreutz, C. L. (2008). Periorbital changes associated with topical bimatoprost. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery24(4), 302-307.
  11. Custer, P. L., & Kent, T. L. (2016). Observations on prostaglandin orbitopathy. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery32(2), 102-105.
  12. Choi, C. J., Tao, W., Doddapaneni, R., Acosta-Torres, Z., Blessing, N. W., Lee, B. W., ... & Wester, S. T. (2018). The effect of prostaglandin analogue bimatoprost on thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science59(15), 5912-5923.
  13. Cosan, S., İnam, O., Kaya, B., Atilla, P., Ocal, O., Arat, A., ... & Arat, Y. O. (2023). Effect of retrobulbar prostaglandin analog injection on orbital fat in rats. International Ophthalmology43(12), 4985-4990.