This Retinol Strength Chart will help you understand retinol percentages, compare strengths of retinoids, and find the strongest retinol over the counter and prescription strength retinoids.

What is pH? Does the pH of skin care products matter? What pH to use for different skin conditions.

The best barrier repair moisturizers display a maltese cross pattern when viewed under a cross polarized microscope. What is the maltese cross pattern?

Guide to the difference between human growth factors, human stem cells and human derived exosomes.

Learn about the most recent developments in the science of skin aging. This guide discusses free radicals, matrix metalloproteinases, cellular senescence, autophagy, telomere shortening, and sirtuins.

Pollution ages skin, causes inflammation, and can cause skin hyperpigmentation. We can protect skin from pollution, but how? What skin care ingredients protect skin from pollution? This blog discusses what pollution does to skin and how to prevent this damage.

Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle. So- what is an extracellular vesicle?

Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of skin aging and is a skin aging biomarker. What is cellular senescence and can skin care target senescence?

Many ingredients found in moisturizers have fatty acids. Lipids are comprised of fatty acids. The type and amount of fatty acids in moisturizers, especially barrier repair moisturizers, determines their effects. Learn which fatty acids are anti-inflammatory and which help repair the skin barrier.

Autophagy is very important to have young skin beautiful skin. What is autophagy, what are the benefits of autophagy and what skin care ingredients increase autophagy?

The key to glowing skin is desquamation and exfoliation of the epidermis. Exfoliation and desquamation of skin occur when cells from the top outer layer of the skin known as the stratum corneum is removed.

The various mechanisms of skin inflammation are discussed. Cytokines, chemokines, free radicals, histamine and kinins.