Dead Skin Cells: Causes and How to Remove Them

Our skin goes through a continuous process of self renewal, which involves the shedding of dead skin cells, or desquamation. This natural process is essential for maintaining healthy, glowing skin. However, when dead skin cells build up on the surface, they can cause a range of skin issues, from dullness to dryness. Learn more about what dead skin cells are, what causes their buildup, and how to safely and effectively remove them.

To find the best products for your skin type, take the skin type quiz for free!

As a thank you for reading our educational content, use the one-time code "STSBlog20" at checkout for 20% off  anything in our store.  

[[ctaquiz]]

Dead skin cells are the remnants of your skin's natural cell turnover process. The skin's outermost layer, the epidermis, continually sheds dead cells to make way for new ones. This process, known as desquamation, helps maintain the skin's protective barrier and ensures a fresh, radiant complexion. However, when dead skin cells don't shed properly, they can accumulate on the skin's surface, leading to various skin concerns.

Several factors can contribute to the buildup of dead skin cells on your face:

• Aging. As we age, the skin’s natural cell turnover rate slows down, which can lead to an accumulation of dead skin cells and a dull or rough skin texture.

• Dehydration. Lack of moisture can cause dead skin cells to stick to the surface of the skin instead of naturally flaking away.

• Improper skin care. Using the wrong skincare products or not exfoliating regularly can interfere with the natural shedding of dead skin cells.

• Environmental factors. Pollution, sun exposure, and harsh weather can damage the skin barrier and hinder its ability to shed dead cells.

• Skin conditions. Conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and acne can disrupt the natural shedding process, leading to a buildup of dead skin cells and dry, itchy skin.

Common signs that your skin may not be efficiently shedding dead skin cells include:

• Dry, flaky skin

• Dull Skin

• Itching

• Dull, lackluster texture

• Rough patches

• Clogged pores or blackheads

• Uneven skin tone

The most effective way to remove dead skin cells from the surface of your skin is to regularly exfoliate using the right products for your skin type. Exfoliating your skin will help to loosen the “glue” that holds skin cells together, helping the dead cells to separate from the new ones that are replacing them.

There are two main types of exfoliation: chemical and physical. Chemical exfoliation uses topical ingredients like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) to loosen and remove dead skin cells. Some skin types tolerate chemical exfoliants like glycolic acid and lactic acid better than others, so be sure the product you are using is a match for your skin type before beginning a new exfoliation regimen.

Additionally, I recommend that you gradually introduce AHAs into your skin care regimen, starting with once per week and gradually increasing the frequency as your skin tolerates these ingredients. For some people with sensitive skin, they may only be able to use a chemical exfoliant as often as once per week. More resistant skin types may be able to work up to three times per week.

Physical exfoliation involves using a facial scrub or loofah to physically remove the dead skin cells from the surface. While this method can be effective if performed properly, it can also damage the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin types. Look for products with very fine particles, such as La Roche Posay’s Ultra-Fine Facial Scrub , instead of larger, more abrasive scrubs. 

It is impossible to prevent dead skin cells from occurring, as this is part of your skin’s natural cell renewal process. However, there are some steps you can take to help prevent them from becoming built up on the surface of your skin, causing dryness, itching, or a dull tone and texture.

• Regularly exfoliate your skin.

• Regularly moisturize your skin.

• Use the right cleanser for your skin type.

• Wear daily sun protection to prevent dull skin caused by sun damage.

• Eat a healthy diet rich in antioxidants to help support overall skin health.

Dead skin cells are a natural part of your skin’s renewal process. However, their buildup can lead to dryness, itching, clogged pores, acne, and a dull, lackluster complexion. By incorporating regular exfoliation and proper hydration into your skin care routine, you can effectively manage and remove dead skin cells, revealing a brighter, healthier complexion. Remember, understanding your skin type is crucial for selecting the right exfoliating products.

[[ctaquiz]]

1. Baumann L. Epidermis in Ch. 1 of Baumann's Cosmetic Dermatology Ed 3. (McGraw Hill 2022)
2. Baumann, L. Ch. Cosmeceuticals and cosmetic Ingredients (McGraw Hill 2015)
3. Kwon, S. H., Hwang, Y. J., Lee, S. R., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Sebum, acne, skin elasticity, and gender difference – Which is the major influencing factor for facial pores? Skin Research and Technology, 22(1), 109-117.
4. Rawlings, A. V., & Harding, C. R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(1), 43-48.
5. Milstone, L. M. (2004). Epidermal desquamation. Journal of dermatological science, 36(3), 131-140.
6. Egelrud, T. (2000). Desquamation. Dry Skin and Moisturizers. Chemistry and Function, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 109-117.
7. Egelrud, T. (2000). Desquamation in the stratum corneum. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 80.
8. Roberts, D., & Marks, R. (1980). The determination of regional and age variations in the rate of desquamation: a comparison of four techniques. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 74(1).